VRAČANJE LASTNINE, KI JO JE V SLOVENIJI
PO II. SVETOVNI VOJNI NASILNO ODVZELA KOMUNISTIČNA
OBLAST - STANJE APRIL 2001

(click for english version)

Med nujne demokratične reforme, ki jih mora Slovenija v času tranzicije opraviti, se uvršča tudi in predvsem lastninska reforma ter z njo povezane druge reforme. Z novo ustavo RS (1991) je bila odpravljena družbena lastnina, v katero je sodila tudi vsa po II. svetovni vojni zaplenjena ali drugače nasilno odvzeta zasebna lastnina. S sprejetjem Zakona o denacionalizaciji (ZDEN) leta 1991 - kar je zasluga prve zares demokratične, a kratkotrajne vlade L. Peterleta - ki je poseben zakon (legs specialis) z določenim rokom izvedbe za vračanje lastnine in Zakona o izvrševanju kazenskih sankcij (ZIKS), je bilo omogočeno vračanje odvzetega premoženja vsem upravičencem po teh zakonih.

Zakona sta bila pravni okvir za popravo zločinov, ki jih je naredila država v povojnem času nad lastnim narodom. Dana je bila tudi možnost, da taka "reprivatizacija" postane 1. faza vsesplošne privatizacije v Sloveniji.

Izvajanje ZDEN je po spremembi vlade leta 1992 (Drnovškova vlada) potekalo zelo počasi in z vedno novimi ovirami in spremembami. Ni bilo politične volje za njegovo dosledno izvajanje. Pojavljale so se načrtne neustavne ovire, ki so med leti 1995-1998 skoraj povsem zaustavile izvajanje zakona - najprej moratoriji in nato preko 20 sprememb, leta 1998 pa še sprejeta Novela ZDEN tkim. Bavčarjeva novela, ki je dodatno močno otežila izvajanje ZDEN. Njene negativne pravne in materialne posledice so za razlaščence ogromne, kajti novela je med izvajanjem zakona vpeljala razlikovanje tistih, ki še niso dobili vrnjenega premoženja. Postali so neenaki pred zakonom, za njih velja spremenjena metodologija cenitev premoženja, ki se ne vrača v naravi, presoja pravnega statusa upravičenca (državljanstvo, narodnost) je postala bolj samovoljna itd.

V kratkem obdobju nekaj mesecev (poleti 2000), ko je bila na oblasti vlada dr. Bajuka, je prišlo do pospešenega vračanja tega premoženja, ki pa se je ponovno zaustavilo pod sedanjo vlado dr. Drnovška. Prav zadnje mesece ta vlada pospešeno izdaja upravnim enotam navodila za "kvazi" hitro dokončanje denacionalizacije na 1. stopnji, ki pa so vsebinsko, pravno itd. v vidnem nasprotju z intencijami še vedno veljavnih ZDEN in ZIKS.

Vladna statistika prikazuje, da je bilo do 30.4.2001 obravnavanih cca. 60 % zahtevkov, od tega pozitivno rešenih cca 2/3. Kmetijskih zemljišč je bilo vrnjenih cca. 40 %, stavbnih zemljišč cca. 25 %, gozdov cca. 60 %, stanovanjskih enot cca. 80 %, poslovnih prostorov cca. 70 %, podjetij cca. 60 %.

Iz devetletnega povprečja izhaja, da je letno povprečje obravnavanih zahtevkov cca. 5 % in zato je odločitev Vlade RS, da bo v letu 2002 zaključila vse denacionalizacijske postopke na 1. stopnji, nerealna. Vladni ukrepi za pospešitev vračanja premoženja so zato le zavajanje domače in tuje javnosti.

Evidentno je, da si vlada prizadeva čim manj vrniti v naravi in raje odloča o odškodnini oz. v obveznicah Slovenske odškodninske družbe d.d., ki so brez jamstva države in odplačevanjem na dolgi rok (za odprodajo obveznic je možno dobiti le 2/3 njene vrednosti).

Facit:

Zaradi načrtnega zaviranja izvajanja ZDEN in ZIKS - prepočasnega, nepravičnega, neenakovrednega, diskriminatornega in selektivnega vračanja premoženja - nastaja ogromna politična in gospodarska škoda za posamezne upravičence in prav tako tudi za Republiko Slovenijo. Ogrožena in prizadeta je pravna varnost državljanov- upravičencev, zaradi nerazumno dolgih rokov vodenja postopkov na upravnih enotah in na sodiščih pa so množično kršene človekove pravice.

Nedopustno in nezakonito je razpolaganje z lastnino, ki celo po uveljavitvi ZDEN in ZIKS do danes (deset let !) ostaja v rokah tistih, ki je niso ustvarili, izvirnim lastnikom pa je vzeta ustavna pravica svobodnega gospodarjenja s svojo lastnino.

Nujno je, da se v Sloveniji prekine z ustvarjanjem negativnega javnega mnenja glede vračanja odvzete lastnine in se slednjo pospešeno in dokončno vrne. Šele vrnjena lastnina bo v Sloveniji omogočila prost pretok kapitala oz. vlaganja tujega kapitala, s tem pa dodatno gospodarsko rast države. Tako bodo izpolnjeni politični kriteriji, ki jih zahodni svet postavlja Sloveniji.

V.d. predsednika ZLRP:
Inka Stritar, prof.

RESTITUTION OF PRIVATE PROPERTY IN SLOVENIA
THAT WAS FORCIBLY EXPROPRIATED AFTER
THE SECOND WORLD WAR BY THE COMMUNIST AUTHORITIES
THE SITUATION IN APRIL 2001

Important democratic reforms Slovenia must make during its transition period include property reforms and other related reforms. In 1991 the new constitution of the Republic of Slovenia abolished social ownership that included all private property forcibly expropriated after the Second World War. With the passing of the Act on Denationalisation (ADEN) in January 1991 - that was passed thanks to the democratic but short-lived government of Lojze Peterle - a special law (legis specialis) with a specific term for implementing the restitution of property and the Act on Executing Penal Sanctions (AEPS), the restitution of expropriated property was made possible.

The acts formed the legal framework for rectification of criminal acts performed by the state after the war against its own people. The possibility for "reprivatisation" was provided that would become the first stage of general privatisation in Slovenia.

After its adoption by the Drnovšek government in January 1992, the implementation of ADEN has been very slow and confronted by ever-new obstacles and amendments. There has not been the political will for its constant implementation. There appeared planned unconstitutional obstacles that between 1995 and 1998 practically stopped the act's implementation - first a moratorium and then more than 20 amendments until in 1998 an ADEN novel was adopted. Bavčar's novel additionally hindered the act's implementation. Its negative legal and material consequences for the dispossessed were enormous as it led to distinctions being made among those who had not yet had their property returned. They became unequal before the law and there was a change in the methodology of property assessment for that not restored in its natural state. Judgement of the legal status of the claimant (citizenship, race) became more arbitrary, etc.

In the short period of some months in the summer of 2000, under the government of Dr. Bajuk, restitution of this property was accelerated but halted again on the return of Dr. Drnovšek to power. In the last few months of this government it has issued administrative units instructions for a "quasi" quick conclusion to denationalisation at the first level that from a content, legal, etc. point of view runs contrary to the intentions of the still valid ADEN and AEPS.

Government statistics show that to 30 April 2001 approximately 60% of claims have been dealt with of which 2/3 have been positively solved. About 40% of agricultural plots have been returned, and restitution has been made of about 25% of building plots, about 60% of forest plots, about 80% of residential units, about 70% of business premises and about 60% of companies.

Over nine years the average rate of restitution has been approximately 5% per annum and so the decision by the government of the Republic of Slovenia that all denationalisation processes at the first level will be completed by 2002 is unrealistic. Government measures for accelerating property restitution, therefore, are only misleading the domestic and foreign public.

It is evident that the government wishes to return as little as possible property in its natural state and would prefer paying damages in the form of bonds in the Slovenian Indemnity Company that are not secured by the state and have long payback terms (bonds can only be sold for 2/3 of their face value).

Result:

Due to the planned retardation of the implementation of ADEN and AEPS - the too slow, without legal basis, unequal, discriminatory and selective restitution of property - an enormous amount of political and economic damage has been done to claimants and to the Republic of Slovenia. The legal security of nationals-claimants has been threatened and affected due to the incomprehensible long terms of procedures at administrative units and at the courts that amounts to a mass violation of human rights.

The disposal of property, that even after ADEN and AEPS remains 10 years later in the hands of those who did not create is inadmissible and unlawful and the constitutional right to freedom of managing ones own property has been taken from the original owners.

It is urgently necessary that creating negative public opinion is stopped in Slovenia with respect to restitution of expropriated property and there follows an acceleration and final restitution. Only the restitution of property in Slovenia will enable a free flow of capital, i.e. foreign investment, that will further promote economic growth in the country. Only in so doing will the political criteria set for Slovenia by the western world be met.

Inka Stritar, prof.
Acting President SAFOEP